Since the 2000’s there have been many great artists, but there are only a few whose influence has spread around the world to create long-lasting, powerful changes. The task of determining who these artists are can be a difficult task for one who lives in their time, as it requires one to differentiate between them and artists whose music is massively popular for a short time but eventually fades away without much remembrance. Accomplishing this task gives you the answer to the question, ‘Which artists from the twenty-first century will be included in future versions of music textbooks?’ Looking at current artists with a future perspective, I believe that Beyoncé is a good contender for being in a future version of a music textbook, as she is not only a talented artist but also an advocate for feminism and is not afraid to speak her mind.

Beyoncé Giselle Knowles was born in Houston, Texas. She first started her music career at the young age of nine with a group called Destiny’s Child.[1] They were successful with their music and were one of the most popular R&B groups of the time; their album, The Writing’s on the Wall, won two Grammy Awards and sold over eight million copies.[2][3] Beyoncé was the leader of the group and wrote many of their songs. From there, she would go off to become a solo artist where she would use her songwriting skills to release her first album in 2003: Dangerously in Love. From this album, she became one of music’s top-selling artists, won five Grammy Awards, and went on many successful tours.[4]

Beyoncé showed her versatility as a singer when she released her second album, B’Day, which had elements of 1970’s funk. This versatility would continue to show itself in her third and fourth album. The third album, released in 2008 as a double album, was called I am… Sasha Fierce. The first part of this album, I am, has an introspective mood while the second part, Sasha Fierce, has more of a dance floor style song. Her fourth album came in 2011 and was simply called 4; it was a mixture of genres, ballads, and dance tracks, and was partially influenced by the Motown era.[5]

In addition to her immensely successful albums and tours, Beyoncé has many other achievements. One of these is her performance of At Last at the inaugural ball for President Barack Obama and Michelle Obama.[6] Another is her receival of many Grammy Awards; in fact, at the 2010 Grammy Awards, she won six awards which in turn led to her being recognized as the first female artist to collect that many Grammys in one night.[7] Beyoncé has tied the record for number 1 hits on Billboard’s Pop Songs chart. She also made the 2011 Forbes Top 10 list of entertainment’s highest-earning women.[8]

To clearly show how much Beyoncé loves her fans, she decided to surprise them in December 2013 with an album called Beyoncé, which she referred to as a “visual album.” The response of her fans was that of amazement; within the first weekend, the album sold over 800,000 copies and would eventually lead to her becoming the first women to reach number one on the Billboard 200 with her first five albums.[9] The idea of the album—surprising fans by not releasing any information about an upcoming album—inspired other artists to do the same.

All the above should paint a clear picture of just how famous and well-liked Beyoncé has become. With that much fame, Beyoncé has been given the ability to influence many people; whether she intended to gain this ability or not, she uses it nobly. She promotes feminism and spreads its ideas so much so that she can be referred to as an advocate for feminism—or better yet, a champion for feminism.[10]

She does far more than just talk about feminism on the side, rather she incorporates it into her music. In an interview with Elle Magazine, she said:

“I put the definition of feminist in my song and on my tour, not for propaganda or to proclaim to the world that I’m a feminist, but to give clarity to the true meaning.”[11]

She also said:

“I’m not really sure people know or understand what a feminist is, but it’s very simple. It’s someone who believes in equal rights for men and women.”[12]

While this is the most prevalent example of how Beyoncé uses her fame and music to spread awareness about social issues, it is not the only one. Another example can be seen in her song Formation which has many powerful messages embedded into it. These messages became especially clear to people when it was performed at the Super Bowl halftime show. There, the performance was paired with a video; the entire act showed political awareness and images “touching on everything from black power to Hurricane Katrina.”[13]

To see one of the many issues touched on, consider the following lyrics from the song:

 I like my baby hair, with baby hair and afros
I like my negro nose with Jackson Five nostrils.[14]

 These lyrics are an example of her empowering herself, embracing her identity, encouraging acceptance in others, and sending empowerment to those who need it.

We have now seen that Beyoncé is not only an extremely successful artist, but also a leader in spreading awareness about social issues—in particular, equal rights for women. She has incorporated these two things into one entity by embedding her messages about social issues into her music. To do this with such immense success has resulted in her positively influencing people from all over the world. That is what earns her place in future versions of a music textbook.

Endnotes

[1] “Beyoncé Knowles – Film Actor/Film Actress, Singer, Actress, Film Actress – Biography,” accessed August 6, 2018, https://www.biography.com/people/beyonce-knowles-39230.

[2] “Beyoncé Knowles – Film Actor/Film Actress, Singer, Actress, Film Actress – Biography.”

[3] “Beyoncé- Biography, Songs, & Facts,” Encyclopedia Britannica, accessed August 6, 2018, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Beyonce.

[4] “Beyoncé- Biography, Songs, & Facts.”

[5] “Beyoncé- Biography, Songs, & Facts.”

[6] “Beyoncé Knowles – Film Actor/Film Actress, Singer, Actress, Film Actress – Biography.”

[7] “Beyoncé- Biography, Songs, & Facts.”

[8] “Beyoncé Knowles – Film Actor/Film Actress, Singer, Actress, Film Actress – Biography.”

[9] “Beyoncé Knowles – Film Actor/Film Actress, Singer, Actress, Film Actress – Biography.”

[10] Kirsty Fairclough, “Why Beyoncé Matters,” The Conversation, accessed August 7, 2018, http://theconversation.com/why-beyonce-matters-58542.

[11] Team ELLE, “Beyonce? On Feminism, Motherhood, And The Real Message In Formation,” ELLE, April 5, 2016, http://www.elleuk.com/now-trending/beyonce-on-feminism-motherhood-and-the-real-message-in-formation.

[12] ELLE.

[13] “Beyoncé Knowles – Film Actor/Film Actress, Singer, Actress, Film Actress – Biography.”

[14] Fairclough, “Why Beyoncé Matters.”

Bibliography

“Beyoncé- Biography, Songs, & Facts.” Encyclopedia Britannica. Accessed August 6, 2018. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Beyonce.

“Beyoncé Knowles – Film Actor/Film Actress, Singer, Actress, Film Actress – Biography.” Accessed August 6, 2018. https://www.biography.com/people/beyonce-knowles-39230.

ELLE, Team. “Beyonce? On Feminism, Motherhood, And The Real Message In Formation.” ELLE, April 5, 2016. http://www.elleuk.com/now-trending/beyonce-on-feminism-motherhood-and-the-real-message-in-formation.

Fairclough, Kirsty. “Why Beyoncé Matters.” The Conversation. Accessed August 7, 2018. http://theconversation.com/why-beyonce-matters-58542.

Today I’m going to be writing about Ed Sheeran’s speedy rise to fame. I will discuss his come up along with some of his most notable accomplishments so far in his career, discuss some reasons why he has grown so massive, and break down a few of his songs that represent his genre style.

First, I’m going to start off with a little throwback to the beginning, Edward Christopher Sheeran or better know as Ed Sheeran was born February 17^th, 1991 in Halifax, West Yorkshire, England [1]. His father can be credited to the main influence of exposing Sheeran to music, his father would take him to concerts to help provoke the musical creativity side of his brain. Some of his most notable musical influences are Van Morrison, Bob Dylan, Joni Mitchell, The Beatles, and Elton John [3].  Sheeran’s music started off playing guitar and singing in his family’s church as a youth, this was only the birth of his future legacy that I’m guessing none of his loved ones saw it coming [1].  Sheeran’s career of recording started out in 2004 – 2009 where he recorded and produced albums independently, he would perform these songs in small gigs and open mics around the United Kingdom [1]. In this time, a couple of these albums made top 100 on the UK charts, “No. 5 Collaborations Project” and “Loose Change” were by far his most successful hitting 46 and 90 [4].  His professional career started in 2011 where he was signed with Atlantic Records and produced three massive albums, “+” in 2011 which brought in 5 million in sales, “x” in 2014 which fetched 8.5 million in sales, and “÷” in 2017 that raised 12.3 million in sales [4].  At this point he’s only 27 and in my opinion is only in his infancy of his legacy.

Sheeran’s sound is best known by his acoustic guitar and vocals that sets him apart from the rap genre that dominated the top charts that he was  coming up in. His music covers a broad spectrum of genres he is placed anywhere from rock, pop, and indie [1] to folk and hip hop [2] but the biggest genre he stays true to is pop in my opinion.  Other than being an extraordinary musician the reason why I think he became so successful was the look of him and his relatability.  Being in the pop genre he was an out cast from the typical bad boy look to many of the other artists, his ginger hair, colorful tattoos, and British accent set him as a goofy look for the American pop scene.  From the wide variety of songs I listened to I can hear a story that he’s trying to portray to his audience, from the specific vocals to his thought out music videos he narrates relatable stories that could reminisce with just about any of his fans.  None of his music came off as bragging or “flexing” about his accomplishments which I find that hard to get these days.

Photograph

The first song I would like to look at is “Photograph” which was a huge hit on his album “x”, this song brings aspects of folk pop. The aspects of the acoustic guitar, some back up piano brings out a melodic sound. The song has a verse/chorus form that keeps it catchy for an audience to sing along and become immersed into it.  The music video below is a good representation of his progress through his music career, it displays home videos of Sheeran’s grind to where he has reached now.

Castle On The Hill

The second song is “Castle On The Hill” from his “÷” album.  This song brings a little more of the typical pop song we’re use to today along with a folk-rock rhythm to it.  The pace of it brings a lot more enthusiasm over the prior song with a spread of instruments that you see in an average rock band.  Again, it holds the verse/chorus form that allows for an easy way to remember and sing along for fans.  I believe the fast beat is what allowed this song to flourish across all medians.

Shape Of You

Lastly, we come to the behemoth, “Shape Of You” took the online world by storm, this is by far his most successful song.  This song became the 3^rd most viewed video on YouTube hitting 3.6 billion views [6] as of me writing this and holds the number one spot for most streamed song on Spotify at 1.8 billion [5].  This song was a new twist for Sheeran, on top of pop it brought a tropical house/dancehall vibe to his repertoire.  The use of the malimba and drums brings out that Jamaican vibe in the melody which is the part that resonated with me the most.  The small change in the instruments for a genre brought an intriguing new factor which I see as the basis of growing a new dimension.

I personally think Ed Sheeran will be part of the next textbook made for this class, his success in pushing the folk pop genre has reserved him a spot in my eyes.  His goofy look and creative music style will get him into the hall of fame one day.

REFERENCES

[1] Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. “Ed Sheeran | Biography & History.” AllMusic. Accessed August 06, 2018. https://www.allmusic.com/artist/ed-sheeran-mn0002639628/biography.

[2] “Who Is Ed Sheeran? Everything You Need to Know.” The Famous People. April 04, 2018. Accessed August 08, 2018. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/ed-sheeran-29882.php.

[3] McCormick, Neil. “Ed Sheeran: ‘I Haven’t Got Used to the Screams’.” The Telegraph. August 03, 2011. Accessed August 08, 2018. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopfeatures/8679492/Ed-Sheeran-I-havent-got-used-to-the-screams.html.

[4] “Ed Sheeran Discography.” Wikipedia. August 03, 2018. Accessed August 07, 2018. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Sheeran_discography.

[5] Bruner, Raisa. “Here’s Spotify’s Most Streamed Music of 2017.” Time. December 05, 2017. Accessed August 07, 2018. http://time.com/5050155/spotify-2017-most-streamed-music/.

[6] “15 of the Most Viewed YouTube Videos of All Time.” Influencer Marketing Hub. Accessed August 07, 2018. https://influencermarketinghub.com/15-most-viewed-youtube-videos-of-all-time/.

Hello everybody! It’s Taylor. Today I am going to be discussing the one and only Lady Gaga and why I believe she will be included in future textbooks about the pop music industry. Lady Gaga is one of the most recognizable artists of the 2010’s.[1] With every song, video, performance, and red carpet appearance she makes a bold statement that is impossible to forget. Her outrageous outfits, catchy, yet impactful songs, and wild performances have pushed the boundaries of pop in ways never seen before.

Lady Gaga was born Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta. As Germanotta dove into the music industry, Lady Gaga was created. Her new reputation was similar to David Bowie’s musical identity, Ziggy Stardust . Her costumes were a fusion of glam rock and insane fashion statements. Gaga pushed the limits in every way. For example, at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards, Lady Gaga wore a dress made out of meat. Audiences excitingly anticipated her performances and appearances, never knowing what was coming next. As more and more people liked her music, all of her crazy ideas began to seem more normal in the pop world. [2]

In 2008 Gaga released her first album “The Fame” which included her No. 1 Billboard chart singles “Just Dance”, “Poker Face”, “LoveGame”, and “Paparazzi”. As she became more popular in the music world, nothing was too weird for Lady Gaga. Her career exploded into the music industry with new and inventive songs and ideas. Her provocative dance music went mainstream instantly and made a huge imprint on the music world. Lady Gaga also took advantage of music videos and created outrageous videos that people talked about and remembered.[3] 

Her daring work’s extensive time on the charts is one of the reasons why I believe Lady Gaga belongs in a pop music textbook. Her success was huge and took over the number one spot many times with bold songs. Gaga took pop to a whole new level. The music videos that followed along are also a reason to be recognized. She proved that pop music can be as crazy and bold as you want, and still be successful.

Lady Gaga’s talent and imagination went on to influence other major stars as well. Soon after her first two albums released, artists such as Beyonce, Rihanna and Kanye West were quick to follow the wild path and collaborate with her. In 2009 Beyonce and Lady Gaga collaborated in “Telephone”, and made a bold-faced music video for the song that was over nine minutes long. This later inspired Kanye West to produce extremely long music videos, or short films, for his music.[4] This is another reason for Gaga to appear in future pop music textbooks. She made almost anything acceptable in pop music, impacting the work of upcoming artists and already made stars. Artists were inspired to take a leap of faith into the new world of Gaga’s pop music.

Not only did she influence artists, but the music itself had deep meaning that affected her fans. Lady Gaga’s lyrics were personal and powerful, set to up tempo dance music.[5] This way Gaga could grab the attention of her listeners with the catchy music and then present her important message to them. This is shown in her song “Born This Way” from her 2011 album, also called “Born This Way”. The song is an anthem of acceptance, no matter your sexual orientation, ethnicity, disabilities, or anything else.[6] The lyrics of the course,

“I’m beautiful in my way

‘Cause God makes no mistakes

I’m on the right track, baby

I was born this way

Don’t hide yourself in regret

Just love yourself and you’re set

I’m on the right track, baby

I was born this way”[7],

show that it is important to love yourself and be who you are. People are not mistakes that need to be fixed. Lady Gaga’s song of self –love soon became a signature tune for the queer community and for girls. The unapologetic and “you’re not alone” theme makes this song so easily accepted. Gaga’s “Born This Way” attitude even brought her to speaking out on gay rights and same-sex marriage at 2009 National Equality March in Washington, D.C.[8] Lady Gaga not only influenced the music industry, but she also used her music to connect with society. This is another reason why I believe Lady Gaga should be included in future pop music textbooks. She showed that it is perfectly normal and beautiful to be yourself completely. Her message has resonated with many people and effected society, therefore giving her music meaning and importance.

Throughout the years Lady Gaga has focused more on the music itself. She has gone in multiple directions with her sound.[9] Gaga’s albums have had ranges of sounds from the songs “Million Reasons” and “Joanne” that have softer piano and guitar with powerful vocals, compared to “Applause” with an electronic and more dramatic sound. She even ventures to jazz with Tony Bennett on their album “Cheek to Cheek”. Her versatility has expanded her audience and brought many new looks to her reputation. In this music she is becoming less mainstream pop and toning down her outrageous Gaga look, while maintaining success.[10]

Gaga deserves to be in upcoming textbooks about the pop music industry. She has taken her music in new and inventive directions and inspired other artists and fans to take risks and be yourself without shame. Her attitude and creativity has taken her to the top of the charts showing that being different can be successful too. Not only is she outrageous and wildly imaginative, but she has given her music importance as well. Lady Gaga is a pop icon that will be remembered forever for her music videos, fashion choices, performances, influence and great music.

[1]“The Defining Artists of the 2010s (So Far),” Billboard, Google, last modified January 15,2015, https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6443462/best-artists-of-2010s-so-far

[2] Michael Levy, “Lady Gaga,” Encyclopaedia Britannica, Google, last modified June 14, 2018, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lady-Gaga

[3] Andrew Unterberger, “How Lady Gaga Raised the Standards for Ambition in Pop,” Billboard, Google, last modified October 18, 2016, https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/7548935/lady-gaga-pop-ambition-kanye-beyonce

[4] Ibid.

[5]Michael Levy, “Lady Gaga,” Encyclopaedia Britannica, Google, last modified June 14, 2018, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lady-Gaga

[6] Meghan Casserly, “Lady Gaga’s Born This Way: Gay Anthems and Girl Power,” Forbes, Google, last modified February 11, 2011, https://www.forbes.com/sites/meghancasserly/2011/02/11/lady-gagas-born-this-way-gay-anthems-and-girl-power/#4d95bce32fe5

[7] “Lady Gaga Lyrics ‘Born This Way’,” AZLyrics, Google, accessed August 8, 2018, https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/ladygaga/bornthisway.html   

[8]  Michael Levy, “Lady Gaga,” Encyclopaedia Britannica, Google, last modified June 14, 2018, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lady-Gaga

[9] Andrew Unterberger, “How Lady Gaga Raised the Standards for Ambition in Pop,” Billboard, Google, last modified October 18, 2016, https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/7548935/lady-gaga-pop-ambition-kanye-beyonce

[10]Josh Duboff, “How Lady Gaga’s Joanne Marks the End of the ‘Zaney Pop Star’ Era,” Vanity Fair, Google, last modified October18, 2016, https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2016/10/lady-gaga-joanne-end-of-zany-pop-star

Source List

Casserly, Meghan, “Lady Gaga’s Born This Way: Gay Anthems and Girl Power,” Forbes, Google, last modified February 11, 2011, https://www.forbes.com/sites/meghancasserly/2011/02/11/lady-gagas-born-this-way-gay-anthems-and-girl-power/#4d95bce32fe5

Duboff, Josh, “How Lady Gaga’s Joanne Marks the End of the ‘Zaney Pop Star’ Era,” Vanity Fair, Google, last modified October18, 2016, https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2016/10/lady-gaga-joanne-end-of-zany-pop-star

“Lady Gaga Lyrics ‘Born This Way’,” AZLyrics, Google, accessed August 8, 2018, https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/ladygaga/bornthisway.html

Levy, Michael, “Lady Gaga,” Encyclopaedia Britannica, Google, last modified June 14, 2018, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lady-Gaga

“The Defining Artists of the 2010s (So Far),” Billboard, Google, last modified January 15,2015, https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6443462/best-artists-of-2010s-so-far

Unterberger, Andrew, “How Lady Gaga Raised the Standards for Ambition in Pop,” Billboard, Google, last modified October 18, 2016, https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/7548935/lady-gaga-pop-ambition-kanye-beyonce

The Guess Who

I was born in 1981 and at that time, my parents were 25 and 26. I grew up listening to my parent’s music which happened to be 70’s rock. Canadian bands like Trooper, April Wine and Bachman-Turner Overdrive were played on continuum in my home. The only Canadian artist that was NOT allowed in our home was Anne Murray. Anne was never invited to any parties as per the matriarch of our family, my Grandma. Apparently, she believed that Anne stole her songs from a 14 year old girl and she was ostracized from our family, never to be invited to a family gathering. You could not even speak her name in my Grandma’s presence as she would not be ashamed to speak her opinion on the matter!

The Guess Who is a successful band from Canada that had its most popular era in the 1970s. I put together a timeline of some of their career highlights so that you can visualize their career progression. What I find most interesting about their career progression is that their major success in Canada and the United States come mainly after the Canadian Radio-Television Commission (CRC) was established. The CRC (the name was later changed in 1976 to Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC))[i] were the enforcers of the Broadcasting Act of Canada which mandated that a certain amount of Canadian created content must be played on media outlets.

I find the music of The Guess Who to be interesting, varied and catchy. I like how each of their songs has individuality changing styles throughout their career. For example, “American Woman” has a blues/rock/funk feel to it, “Shakin’ All Over” sounds like surf music and “These Eyes” has more instrumentation and sounds like a ballad. I must not be the only person who values their contribution to the Canadian music scene because they were inducted into the Canada Music Hall of Fame in 1987 and the Canada Walk of Fame in 2001.[ii]

TIMELINE [iii] [iv]    

Late 1950s: The Silvertones was created with Chad Allen (Allan Kobel) and Jim Kale

1962: Randy Bachman, Bob Ashley and Garry Peterson joins the group

1962: the band name was changed to Chad Allen and the Reflections

1965: the name of the band was changed to Chad Allen and the Expressions

1965: recorded a cover of Johnny Kidd and the Pirates song, “Shakin’ All Over”. The song was sent to radio stations under the name The Guess Who? to try and garner interest from the disc jockeys

1965: “Shakin’ All Over” reaches number one in Canada

1966: Burton Cumings (1947) joins the group and replaces Bob Ashley

1966: Chad Allen left the band

1966: The band released the LP It’s Time

1966-1968: many singles released that reached the top 40s in Canada

1968: the band ends a two year run as the house band for a television show called “Let’s Go”

1968: released A Wild Pair album and was spotlighted as a promo item for Coca-Cola

1968: the question mark is dropped from the band name. They are now officially known as The Guess Who

1968: Canadian Radio-Television Commission (CRC) was established[v]

1968: Jack Richardson (producer) acquires their contract from Quality Records

1969: album released called The Wheatfield Soul (“These Eyes” made top 10 in Canada and the US)

1969: album released called Canned Wheat

1970: album released called American Woman. The song “American Women” from this album became the first song from a Canadian group to reach number one in the US. It stayed at the top spot on Billboard for three weeks. This was the only album by The Guess Who to reach Top 10 on Billboard pop album chart

1970: Randy Bachman leaves the group, Kurt Winter and Greg Leskiw joins the bands.

1970-1971: two albums were releases (Share the Land and So Long, Bannatyne)

1974: album Road Food released. The song “Clap for the Wolfman” enjoyed the longest run for The Guess Who on the Billboard Hot 100 for 19 weeks

1975: album Flavours was released

1975: Burton Cummings leaves the group

1976: album The Way They Were was released

1976: Kale officially registers the band name as The Guess Who

1978-1981: three more albums were released (Guess Who’s Back, All This For a Song, Now and Then)

The single that started it all was “Shakin’ All Over”. This song has a strong steel guitar sound and a surf song style. It employs stop-time measures and a repeated refrain “shakin’ all over” as well as a guitar solo. Bass, guitar and drums are the only instruments used on this song.

I have vivid memories of listening to songs by The Guess Who when growing up. I can remember where I was, what I was doing and what the weather was like when I hear them played again. For instance, I remember painting my parents back yard deck when I was 16. I was out in the garage looking though my Dad’s cassettes and I stumbled upon The Guess Who. It was hot outside without a cloud in the sky and I really did not want to stain the deck. I remember falling in love with the song “These Eyes”. The song caught my attention with the quiet instrumental at the beginning on the song, only the bass and the piano playing. The hook of the title “these eyes…” captured my imagination and drew me into the lyrics. The song is a ballad of heartache told from the man’s perspective after having his heartbroken. The instrumentation includes a string and horn section with the drums changing the rhythm. The rhythm increases and decreases throughout the son. It increases to reflect the pain and the anger of the singer and slows to reflect the singers desire to have his lover back.

I hope that you can learn to enjoy this classic Canadian band as much I do! You can leave a comment below to thank me for getting this hook stuck in your head!

Endnotes

[i] “About Us, The CRTC’s Origins”, crtc.gov.ca, accessed August 8, 2018. https://crtc.gc.ca/eng/acrtc/50.htm

[ii] “The Guess Who”, Canadianmusichalloffame.ca, accessed August 8, 2018. http://canadianmusichalloffame.ca/inductee/the-guess-who/

[iii] “The Guess Who,” Brittanica.com, accessed August 8, 2018. https://www.britannica.com/topic/the-Guess-Who

[iv] “The Guess Who”, thecanadianencyclopedia.ca, accessed August 8, 2018. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/guess-who-the/

[v] “About Us, The CRTC’s Origins”, crtc.gov.ca, accessed August 8, 2018. https://crtc.gc.ca/eng/acrtc/50.htm

References

2016. “About Us, The CRTCs Origins.” Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission. July 3. Accessed August 8, 2018. https://crtc.gc.ca/eng/acrtc/50.htm.

n.d. “Canadian Music Hall of Fame.” The Guess Who. Accessed August 8, 2018. http://canadianmusichalloffame.ca/inductee/the-guess-who/.

2017. “The Guess Who.” Historica Canada. 02 14. Accessed August 8, 2018. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/guess-who-the/.
2018. “The Guess Who, Canadian Rock Group.” Encyclopedia Brittanica. September 05. Accessed August 8, 2018. https://www.britannica.com/topic/the-Guess-Who.