Overview
In this module, we will examine the importance of research ethics to political science research, with particular attention to the various groups who must be protected from risk during the research process. We will then look at the particular guidelines that Canadian university researchers must follow when conducting research with human subjects. We will conclude the module by synthesizing the first four modules of POLS 256.
As always, to help you better understand and engage with the ideas that we are covering in the modules ahead, I strongly encourage you to discuss the course material in the class discussion boards.
When you have finished this module, you should be able to do the following:
- Explain why research ethics must be considered at all stages of research, and the consequences of failing to do so;
- Link the TCPS 2 to political science research; and
- Apply the POLS 256 content covered to date in order to critically assess evidence.
- Read Chapter 6 in the 3rd edition of our textbook or Chapter 3 in the 4th edition of our textbook. Create self-study flashcards for the chapter.
- Watch mini-lectures “Research Ethics”, “TCPS and Political Science Research”, and “Foundations II Summary.”
- Complete Learning Activity.
- Informed consent
- Confidentiality
- Anonymity
- Chapter 6 in Berdahl, Loleen and Keith Archer. Explorations: Conducting Empirical Research in Canadian Political Science (Third Edition). Oxford University Press OR Chapter 3 of Berdahl, Loleen and Jason Roy. Explorations: Conducting Empirical Research in Canadian Political Science (Fourth Edition). Oxford University Press.
Learning Material
Learning Activity
- Watch the Yes Minister video clip on leading questions (https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=G0ZZJXw4MTA ). In 300-500 words, explain how the use of leading questions in research is an ethical issue. Discuss how political actors (e.g., political parties) could potentially use leading questions to influence public debate, and the implications of such practices. In your response, use at least two terms covered in the module (readings and/or videos), and be sure that all terminology used from the module is used correctly. Proofread carefully.
- Post your blog post in your Learning Activity Discussion Board.
- Provide a constructive response to at least one of your fellow group members’ posts. A constructive response is one that (a) uses supportive language to (b) identify for the author an area in which the work can be strengthened. For example, it may identify an issue where the wording is unclear or a point where terminology is used incorrectly, or suggest ideas for examples or ways to strengthen the argument, or let the author know of questions that the work raised for them. A constructive response goes beyond ‘I agree’ or ‘that is interesting’ to assist the author in improving the work. It should provide feedback that is intended to assist the author of the learning activity in improving their work.
Reminder: At the end of Module 8, you are required to select one learning activity for submission from Modules 5-8. You can use the feedback that you receive in the group forum to revise your selected learning activity prior to submission.
Glossary
anonymity an aspect of research that keeps a person’s identity and identifying features unknown; respondents must be informed whether their identity will be revealed or whether they will remain anonymous.
confidentiality an aspect of research in which information is available only to those who are authorized to access it; in political science research, subjects typically are provided with a guarantee of confidentiality and, to ensure this, respondents’ names and other identifying features are excluded from the data set used for analysis.
informed consent the idea that respondents in a research project fully understand the nature of the project and the extent of their participation and agree to participate based on these understandings.
Note: Unless otherwise stated, glossary source is Berdahl, Loleen and Keith Archer. 2015. Explorations: Conducting Empirical Research in Canadian Political Science (Third Edition). Oxford University Press.
References
Altman, Alex. 2008. “Why We’re OK With Hurting Strangers.” Time (Dec. 19, 2008).
Berdahl, Loleen and Keith Archer. 2015. Explorations: Conducting Empirical Research in Canadian Political Science (Third Edition). Oxford University Press.
Bohannon, John. 2015. “Science retracts gay marriage paper without agreement of lead author LaCour.” Science. http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/05/science-retracts-gay-marriage-paper-without-agreement-lead-author-lacour
Dominus, Susan. 2011. “The Crash and Burn of an Autism Guru.” The New York Times April 20, 2011.
Dutia, Mayank and Celine Caquineau. 2015. Critical Thinking in Global Challenges. Coursera.org
Kolata, Gina. 2011. “A Little Deception Helps Push Athletes to the Limit.” The New York Times (September 19, 2011).
Lunau, Kate and Martin Patriquin. 2012. “Asking for an outbreak of preventable diseases.” Macleans. January 9, 2012.
Martindale, Diane. 2005. “A Culture of Death.” Scientific American June 2005.
Oakley, Barbara and Terrence Sejnowski. 2015. Learning How to Learn: Powerful mental tools to help you master tough subjects. Coursera.org
Panel on Research Ethics. 2010. Tri-Council Policy Statement 2.
Rubin, Allen. 2008. Practitioner’s Guide to Using Research for Evidence-Based Practice. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Schmitz, Cristin. 2010. “Supreme Court of Canada recognizes ‘confidential source’ privilege.” The Lawyers Weekly.
Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter and Ram Neta. 2015. Think Again: How to Reason and Argue. Coursera.org
The Globe and Mail. 2016. “Disgraced researcher Ranjit Chandra stripped of 1989 Order of Canada.” http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/disgraced-researcher-ranjit-chandra-stripped-of-1989-order-of-canada/article28084791/
The Guardian. 2012. “Hungarian president resigns over doctorate plagiarism scandal.” http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/apr/02/hungarian-president-resigns-doctorate-plagiarism
Zand Scholten, Annemarie. 2015. Quantitative Analysis. Coursera.org